REMM Bibliography - Radiation Emergency Contamination / Decontamination
Resources from National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
- Responding to a Radiological or Nuclear Terrorism Incident: A Guide for Decision Makers (PDF - 1.61 MB) (NCRP Report No. 165), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2010.
- Population Monitoring and Radionuclide Decorporation Following a Radiological or Nuclear Incident, (NCRP Report No. 166), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2011.
- Management of Persons Contaminated with Radionuclides: Scientific and Technical Bases (NCRP Report No. 161, Vol. II), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2010.
- Management of Persons Contaminated with Radionuclides: Handbook (NCRP Report No. 161, Vol. I), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2008.
- Key Elements of Preparing Emergency Responders for Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism (NCRP Commentary No. 19), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, December 2005, Section 6, pages 32-39. Purchase required.
- Management of Terrorist Events Involving Radioactive Material (NCRP Report No. 138), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2001. (See Section 4.3: Medical Management of Radiation Casualties, page 43.)
- Management of Persons Accidentally Contaminated with Radionuclides (NCRP Report No. 65), Bethesda, MD, 1980. [NCRP 65 has been superseded by NCRP 161.]
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Multimedia
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Patient management
- Management of Persons Internally Contaminated with Radionuclides in a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency, A Manual for Medical Personnel, 2018, (IAEA and partners)
- Population Monitoring in Radiation Emergencies: A Guide for State and Local Public Health Planners, Second Edition, April 2014. (PDF - 1.02 MB) (HHS/CDC)
- Population Monitoring and Radionuclide Decorporation Following a Radiological or Nuclear Incident, (NCRP Report No. 166), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2011.
- Management of Persons Contaminated with Radionuclides: Scientific and Technical Bases (NCRP Report No. 161, Vol. II), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2010.
- Guidelines for Handling Decedents Contaminated with Radioactive Materials (PDF - 1.40 MB) (HHS/CDC, April 2007)
- Dose assessment of inhaled radionuclides in emergency situations (Public Health England [PHE], formerly Health Protection Agency [HPA]/United Kingdom and Treatment Initiatives After Radiological Accidents (TIARA) project/European Commission, August 2007)
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Incidents involving radioactive contamination
- Handbook for responding to a radiological dispersal device first responder's guide — the first 12 hours
(Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc., September 2006)
- NYC Hospital Guidance for Responding to a Contaminating Radiation Incident (PDF - 1.95 MB) (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Healthcare Emergency Preparedness Program, April 2009)
- Runge JW, Buddemeier BR. Explosions and radioactive material: a primer for responders. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009 Oct-Dec;13(4):407-19. [PubMed Citation]
- Responding to an RDD / RED Emergency: the HHS Playbook (HHS, April 2010)
- Harper FT, Musolino SV, Wente WB. Realistic radiological dispersal device hazard boundaries and ramifications for early consequence management decisions. Health Phys. 2007 Jul;93(1):1-16. [PubMed Citation]
- Smith JM, Ansari A, Harper FT. Hospital management of mass radiological casualties: reassessing exposures from contaminated victims of an exploded radiological dispersal device. Health Phys. 2005 Nov;89(5):513-20. [PubMed Citation]
- Musolino SV, Harper FT. Emergency Response Guidance for the First 48 Hours after the Outdoor Detonation of an Explosive Radiological Device. Health Physics 2006 Apr;90(4):377-85. [PubMed Citation]
- Radiological dispersal device (RDD) (PDF - 2.34 MB) (Argonne National Laboratory, Human Health fact Sheet, August 2005)
- FAQs About Dirty Bombs (HHS/CDC, 05/10/2006)
- Fact Sheet on Dirty Bombs (NRC)
- Radiological Attack — Radiological Dispersal Devices (PDF - 127 KB) (The California Emergency Medical Services Authority)
- Prioritization of Laboratory Samples Following a Radiological Event: Considerations (PDF - 721 KB) (National Alliance for Radiation Readiness, November 27, 2012)
- This document presents a variety of suggestions, but it is not official policy of HHS or any of its agencies.
- Priortitization of specimens will need to reflect the specifics of each incident.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for a Radiation Emergency
Summary of REMM Information
Federal PPE guidance
- ATTENTION EMERGENCY RESPONDERS: Guidance on Emergency Responder Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Response to CBRN Terrorism Incidents. Publication No. 2008-132 (HHS/CDC/NIOSH, June 2008)
- OSHA/NIOSH Interim Guidance - August 30, 2004. Chemical - Biological - Radiological - Nuclear (CBRN) Personal Protective Equipment Selection Matrix for Emergency Responders: Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) (OSHA, HHS/CDC/NIOSH)
- OSHA Best Practices for Protecting EMS Responders during Treatment and Transport of Victims of Hazardous Substance Releases. (PDF - 1.47 MB) (OSHA 3370-11. OSHA, 2009)
- OSHA/NIOSH Interim Guidance - August 30, 2004. Chemical - Biological - Radiological - Nuclear (CBRN) Personal Protective Equipment Selection Matrix for Emergency Responders: Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) (OSHA, HHS/CDC/NIOSH)
- OSHA Best Practices for Hospital-Based First Receivers of Victims from Mass Casualty Incidents Involving the Release of Hazardous Substances (PDF - 1.93 MB) (OSHA, January 2005)
- Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR 1910.120 Appendix B) General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear. (OSHA)
- OSHA FACT Sheet: Personal Protective Equipment. (PDF - 286 KB) (OSHA, 2002)
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Interim Guidance: Chemical - Biological - Radiological - Nuclear (CBRN) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Selection Matrix for Emergency Responders (OSHA, NIOSH, April 2005)
- Emergency Management: Personal Protective Equipment. (EPA)
Other PPE guidance
- Hall S, Poller B, Bailey C, Gregory S, Clark R, Roberts P, Tunbridge A, Poran V, Evans C, Crook B. Use of ultraviolet-fluorescence-based simulation in evaluation of personal protective equipment worn for first assessment and care of a patient with suspected high-consequence infectious disease. J Hosp Infect. 2018 Jun;99(2):218-228. [PubMed Citation]
- Although this paper is about infectious disease PPE, the training issue probably applies to many responders who would require PPE after a radiation incident, even though the risk from spot radiation contamination is not the same. It just addresses the need for detailed training.
- Hick JL, Hanfling D, Burstein JL, Markham J, Macintyre AG, Barbera JA. Protective Equipment for Health Care Facility Decontamination Personnel: Regulations, Risks, and Recommendations. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Sep;42(3):370-80. [PubMed Citation]
- NYC Hospital Guidance for Responding to a Contaminating Radiation Incident (PDF - 1.95 MB) (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Healthcare Emergency Preparedness Program, April 2009)
- Key Elements of Preparing Emergency Responders for Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism (NCRP Commentary No. 19), National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, December 2005. Purchase required.
- Personal Protective Equipment (emedicinehealth)
- NBC Individual Survival Measures (Course #572), Module 2 - Individual Protective Equipment, Lesson 2.6: Mission Oriented Protective Posture (Marine Corps Institute)
- Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents, 2007 Edition. (NFPA, 1994) (Full document may be accessed on-line with free registration)
- Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, 2005 Edition. (NFPA, 1991) (Full document may be accessed on-line with free registration)
- European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Workshop 43 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards (PPE CBRN) (European Committee for Standardization)
- Koenig KL. Strip and Shower: The Duck and Cover for the 21st Century. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Sep;42(3):391-4. [PubMed Citation]
See also: Radiation Safety Officers on REMM
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